兩會前瞻:這十個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)熱詞值得關(guān)注
中國日報(bào)網(wǎng) 2019-03-04 08:50
2018年全年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值900309億元,按可比價(jià)格計(jì)算,比上年增長6.6%,實(shí)現(xiàn)了6.5%左右的預(yù)期發(fā)展目標(biāo)。2019年是新中國成立70周年,是決勝全面建成小康社會第一個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵之年。
今年全國兩會期間,以下這些經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域熱詞或?qū)⒊蔀榇砦瘑T們熱議的話題。
GDP growth 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長
As an overall indicator of economic expansion, China's GDP growth target has been set unchanged at around 6.5 percent for two consecutive years from 2017 to 2018. On the provincial level, the majority of China's local governments have lowered the number this year, while over ten provincial regions set the target within a range.
作為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的總體指標(biāo),中國的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長目標(biāo)從2017年到2018年已經(jīng)連續(xù)兩年保持在6.5%。在省一級的層面,大部分省份都降低了今年的增長預(yù)期,有10多個(gè)省將增長目標(biāo)設(shè)定在一個(gè)區(qū)間內(nèi)。
【相關(guān)詞匯】
經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況 economic situation
GDP核算 GDP calculation
核心指標(biāo) core indicator
高質(zhì)量發(fā)展 high-quality development
工業(yè)產(chǎn)出 industrial output
增長質(zhì)量 growth quality
Fiscal deficit 財(cái)政赤字
China lowered its 2018 fiscal deficit target, one major part of fiscal policy, to 2.6 percent of its GDP, down from the 3-percent level in 2016 and 2017. The government has vowed to maintain a proactive fiscal policy and further expand issuance of special-purpose local government bonds.
財(cái)政赤字是財(cái)政政策的重要組成部分,2018年我國的財(cái)政赤字目標(biāo)由2016和2017年占GDP3%下調(diào)為2.6%。中央政府已經(jīng)宣布要保持積極的財(cái)政政策,進(jìn)一步增發(fā)地方政府專項(xiàng)債券。
【相關(guān)詞匯】
稅收激勵(lì) tax incentive
減稅降費(fèi) cut taxes and administrative fees
房產(chǎn)稅 property tax
免稅 tax exemption
Tax reduction 減稅
China has been committed to cutting taxes and fees for enterprises and employees in recent years in a bid to boost investment and consumption. Total taxes and fee cuts reached about 1.3 trillion yuan last year.
近幾年,我國一直致力于對企業(yè)和個(gè)人減稅降費(fèi),以促進(jìn)投資和消費(fèi)。去年減稅降費(fèi)總額達(dá)1.3萬億元。
【相關(guān)詞匯】
增值稅 value-added tax
企業(yè)所得稅 enterprise income tax
免稅 tax exemption
減稅 tax reduction, tax cut
收入分配 distribution of income
避稅地 tax haven
Monetary stance 貨幣政策
The annual Central Economic Work Conference said China will keep the prudent monetary policy "neither too tight nor too loose" this year while maintaining market liquidity at a reasonably ample level.
中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會議表示,今年我國將繼續(xù)保持審慎的貨幣政策,要松緊適度,保持流動(dòng)性合理充裕。
【相關(guān)詞匯】
定向降準(zhǔn) targeted RRR cut
注入流動(dòng)性 inject liquidity
貨幣政策工具 monetary policy tools
公開市場操作 open market operation, OMO
逆回購 reverse repurchase agreement, reverse repo
Job creation 創(chuàng)造就業(yè)
Employment comes first in the six fields the country aims to stabilize in 2019. China first set the goal of surveyed urban unemployment rate in government work report in 2018. Over 13 million urban jobs were created last year, beating the official target of 11 million.
穩(wěn)就業(yè)是我國2019年做好“六穩(wěn)”工作的首要任務(wù)。2018年政府工作報(bào)告中首次設(shè)定了城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率的目標(biāo)。去年共創(chuàng)造城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)崗位1300萬個(gè),超出了官方設(shè)定的1100萬目標(biāo)。
【相關(guān)詞匯】
大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新 mass entrepreneurship and innovation
就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè) employment and entrepreneurship
慢就業(yè) delayed employment
自由職業(yè)者 freelancer
自主創(chuàng)業(yè) self-employment
就業(yè)壓力 employment pressure
Poverty alleviation 扶貧
As one of the country's "three tough battles," reducing poverty is expected to accelerate this year to achieve the goal of lifting all its rural residents living below current poverty line out of poverty and eliminate poverty in all poor counties and regions by 2020. China still had 16.6 million poor people by the end of 2018.
作為“三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)”之一,今年的扶貧步伐或?qū)⒓涌欤詫?shí)現(xiàn)到2020年確?,F(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下農(nóng)村貧困人口實(shí)現(xiàn)脫貧、貧困縣全部摘帽的目標(biāo)。截止2018年底,我國還有1660萬貧困人口。
【相關(guān)詞匯】
精準(zhǔn)扶貧 targeted poverty alleviation
強(qiáng)制式扶貧 compulsory poverty relief
脫貧 get out of poverty/get rid of poverty/be lifted out of poverty
貧困線 poverty threshold/poverty line/poverty limit
易地扶貧搬遷 relocating the poor
扶貧基金 poverty alleviation funds
開發(fā)式扶貧 development-orientated poverty reduction